History of Medieval

In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or Medieval Period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: classical antiquity, the medieval period, and the modern period. The medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

Population decline, counterurbanisation, invasion, and movement of peoples, which had begun in Late Antiquity, continued in the Early Middle Ages. The large-scale movements of the Migration Period, including various Germanic peoples, formed new kingdoms in what remained of the Western Roman Empire. In the seventh century, North Africa and the Middle East—once part of the Byzantine Empire—came under the rule of the Umayyad Caliphate, an Islamic empire, after conquest by Muhammad's successors. Although there were substantial changes in society and political structures, the break with classical antiquity was not complete. The still-sizeable Byzantine Empire survived in the east and remained a major power. The empire's law code, the Corpus Juris Civilis or "Code of Justinian", was rediscovered in Northern Italy in 1070 and became widely admired later in the Middle Ages. In the West, most kingdoms incorporated the few extant Roman institutions. Monasteries were founded as campaigns to Christianise pagan Europe continued. The Franks, under the Carolingian dynasty, briefly established the Carolingian Empire during the later 8th and early 9th century. It covered much of Western Europe but later succumbed to the pressures of internal civil wars combined with external invasions—Vikings from the north, Hungarians from the east, and Saracens from the south.

在欧洲的历史，中世纪或者中世纪时期从5到15世纪一直持续。它开始与西方罗马帝国的秋天合并为文艺复兴和大航海时代。中世纪是西方历史上的三大传统部门的中期：古典时代，中世纪时期，和现代时期。中世纪时期本身分为初，高和中世纪晚期。

人口下降，counterurbanisation，侵袭和人民，这已经在近古开始运动，继续在中世纪早期。迁移期间的大规模动作，包括各种各样的日耳曼民族，在什么仍然是西方的罗马帝国形成了新的王国。在第七世纪，北非和拜占庭的中东，一旦部分倭马亚王朝，一个伊斯兰帝国统治下的帝国来了，穆罕默德的继任者征服后。虽然有社会和政治结构实质性的变化，与古代经典的突破是不完整的。在仍然可观拜占庭帝国在东部存活并保持一个大国。帝国的法码时，民法大全或者“查士丁尼法典”，重新发现于意大利北部在1070和被广泛在中世纪后期钦佩。在西方，最王国注册成立了几个现存罗马的机构。寺院创办的活动，以Christianise异教欧洲继续。法兰克人，加洛林王朝统治下，简单地说后来的第8和第9世纪初期间建立的加洛林帝国。它涵盖了西欧大部分地区，但后来屈服于内部内战与北方，从东部匈牙利外部入侵，北欧海盗和撒拉逊人从南合并的压力。